How to Grow Watermelon in Maine

By: Carolyn J. Vance

How to Grow Watermelon from Seed in Containers | Easy Planting Guide

How to Grow Watermelon in Maine

Climate and Growing Season

Maine's climate presents unique challenges for watermelon cultivation. With its short growing season, cool temperatures, and potential for early frosts, understanding the climatic conditions is crucial for successful watermelon growth. The table below compares Maine's climate to the ideal watermelon growing conditions:

Climate FactorMaine's ClimateIdeal Watermelon Conditions

Average Temperature Range 45°F – 70°F 70°F – 85°F
Growing Season Length 120 – 150 days 80 – 100 days
Annual Rainfall 40 – 50 inches 1 – 2 inches per week
Frost Dates Late May – Early September After last spring frost and before first fall frost

While Maine's climate may not be perfect for watermelons, careful planning and the right techniques can help mitigate the challenges.

Understanding Maine's Climate

Maine's climate is characterized by cool summers and cold winters, with a relatively short growing season. The average summer temperatures range from 45°F to 70°F, which can be cooler than the ideal conditions for watermelon growth. Additionally, Maine experiences a significant amount of rainfall, with an annual average of 40 to 50 inches, which can be beneficial for watermelon plants if properly managed.

One of the biggest challenges in growing watermelons in Maine is the risk of early frosts. The state's growing season typically lasts from late May to early September, which can be shorter than the ideal 80 to 100 days required for watermelon cultivation.

Ideal Growing Conditions for Watermelons

Watermelons thrive in warm, sunny conditions with consistent soil moisture. The ideal temperature range for watermelon growth is between 70°F and 85°F, with nighttime temperatures above 60°F. Watermelons require at least six to eight hours of direct sunlight per day and well-drained, nutrient-rich soil with a pH between 6.0 and 7.0.

While Maine's climate may not match these ideal conditions perfectly, implementing strategies like using row covers, cold frames, and selecting cold-tolerant varieties can help create a favorable environment for watermelon cultivation.

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Choosing the Right Watermelon Variety

Selecting the right watermelon variety is crucial for successful growth in Maine's climate. Look for varieties that are well-suited to cooler temperatures, have a shorter maturation period, and are resistant to common diseases. Here are some recommended varieties to consider:

  • Sugar Baby
  • Yellow Doll
  • Golden Crown
  • Early Moonbeam
  • Blacktail Mountain
  • Crimson Sweet
  • Charleston Gray

Short-Season Watermelon Varieties

Short-season watermelon varieties are ideal for Maine's climate, as they can reach maturity within a shorter growing period. These varieties typically have a smaller fruit size but are well-adapted to cooler temperatures and can produce a reliable crop before the first fall frost. Examples of short-season varieties include Sugar Baby, Yellow Doll, and Early Moonbeam.

How to Grow Watermelon in Maine

Disease-Resistant and Cold-Hardy Varieties

In addition to short-season varieties, consider choosing watermelon cultivars that are resistant to common diseases and can tolerate cooler temperatures. Varieties like Crimson Sweet and Charleston Gray are known for their disease resistance and ability to perform well in cooler climates.

Preparing the Soil and Planting

Proper soil preparation and planting techniques are essential for successful watermelon cultivation in Maine.

Watermelons prefer well-drained, nutrient-rich soil with a pH between 6.0 and 7.0. Before planting, it's important to amend the soil with compost or well-rotted manure to improve its fertility and structure.

Soil Preparation and Amendments

Start by testing your soil's pH level and adjusting it if necessary. If the pH is too low (acidic), add ground limestone or wood ash to raise it. If the pH is too high (alkaline), add sulfur or peat moss to lower it.

Next, incorporate plenty of organic matter, such as compost or well-rotted manure, into the soil. Watermelons are heavy feeders, and organic matter will provide essential nutrients while improving soil structure and water retention.

Planting Techniques

Watermelons can be grown from seeds or transplants. If starting from seeds, sow them directly in the prepared soil after the last expected frost date, spacing them 6 to 12 inches apart and 1 to 2 inches deep. For transplants, plant them 2 to 3 feet apart, burying them slightly deeper than they were growing in their containers.

When planting, create small hills or raised beds to improve drainage and soil warmth. Consider using black plastic mulch or row covers to further increase soil temperature and protect young plants from cool weather.

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Planting Timelines

In Maine, the ideal planting time for watermelons is typically between late May and early June, after the last expected frost. However, to extend the growing season, you can start seeds indoors 4 to 6 weeks before the last frost date and transplant them outside after hardening off.

Additionally, using row covers or cold frames can help protect plants from cool temperatures and potential late spring or early fall frosts, allowing you to plant earlier or harvest later in the season.

Caring for Watermelon Plants

How to Grow Watermelon in Maine

Watermelon plants require diligent care throughout the growing season to ensure a successful harvest. Follow these steps:

  1. Provide consistent moisture: Watermelons require consistent soil moisture, especially during fruit development. Aim for 1 to 2 inches of water per week, either through rainfall or irrigation.
  2. Fertilize regularly: Apply a balanced fertilizer or compost tea every 4 to 6 weeks to provide essential nutrients for healthy plant growth and fruit development.
  3. Control weeds: Watermelon plants do not compete well with weeds, so regular weeding is important to prevent competition for nutrients and moisture.
  4. Thin plants: Once seedlings have developed several true leaves, thin them to the strongest plant every 2 to 3 feet to reduce competition and encourage healthy growth.
  5. Protect from pests and diseases: Monitor plants regularly for signs of pests or diseases and take appropriate control measures. Common watermelon pests include aphids, cucumber beetles, and squash vine borers, while diseases like powdery mildew, anthracnose, and fusarium wilt can also be problematic.

Watering and Fertilizing

Consistent watering and fertilization are crucial for watermelon growth and fruit development. Watermelons require approximately 1 to 2 inches of water per week, either from rainfall or irrigation. Avoid overhead watering, as it can promote fungal diseases. Instead, use drip irrigation or soaker hoses to deliver water directly to the soil.

In addition to water, watermelons are heavy feeders and benefit from regular fertilization. Apply a balanced fertilizer or compost tea every 4 to 6 weeks, following the manufacturer's instructions for the appropriate application rate.

Pest and Disease Management

Watermelons are susceptible to various pests and diseases, which can significantly impact plant health and fruit quality. Common pests in Maine include aphids, cucumber beetles, and squash vine borers, while diseases like powdery mildew, anthracnose, and fusarium wilt can also be problematic.

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To combat pests, implement an integrated pest management (IPM) approach, which involves regular monitoring, cultural controls (such as crop rotation and removal of infected plant material), and targeted use of organic or chemical pesticides when necessary.

For disease management, choose disease-resistant varieties, practice good garden hygiene (removing infected plants and debris), and consider using approved fungicides if needed.

Trellising and Support

Trellising or supporting watermelon vines can be beneficial, especially in smaller gardens or when growing space is limited. By training vines vertically or on a trellis system, you can maximize growing space and improve air circulation, which can help prevent disease and promote better fruit development.

Use sturdy supports, such as stakes or cages, and gently tie or guide the vines as they grow. Ensure that the supports are secure and can handle the weight of the developing watermelons.

 

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