How to Grow Watermelons in Nebraska

Starting Watermelon Seeds Indoors

Nebraska's continental climate, characterized by hot summers and cold winters, can accommodate watermelon cultivation during the warmer months. While the growing season may be shorter than in more southern regions, following the appropriate practices will ensure a bountiful watermelon harvest.

Climate and Soil Requirements for Watermelons in Nebraska

Watermelons thrive in warm temperatures and well-drained, nutrient-rich soil. Nebraska's climate provides the ideal conditions for watermelon growth, but you need to understand the specific requirements to maximize your yield.

Watermelons require a minimum of 80 to 95 frost-free days for proper growth and fruit development. In Nebraska, the growing season typically spans from late May to early September, which aligns well with the watermelon's needs.

The soil in Nebraska varies widely, from the fertile loess soils in the east to the sandy and clayey soils in the west. Watermelons prefer well-drained, sandy loam or loamy soil with a slightly acidic to neutral pH range of 6.0 to 7.5. Here's a table comparing different soil types and their suitability for watermelon cultivation:

Soil TypeSuitabilityReasons

Sandy Loam	Excellent	Provides good drainage and warmth
Loamy Soil	Very Good	Retains moisture and nutrients well
Clay Soil	Fair	Poor drainage, can lead to root rot
Heavy Clay	Poor	Compacts easily, restricts root growth

Temperature and Growing Season

Watermelons require a long, warm growing season with temperatures consistently between 70°F and 85°F (21°C to 29°C). They are sensitive to frost and should not be planted until the soil temperature reaches at least 65°F (18°C) and the danger of frost has passed.

In Nebraska, the ideal planting time is typically from late May to early June, allowing the watermelons to mature and ripen before the first fall frost.

Soil pH and Nutrient Needs

Watermelons prefer slightly acidic soil with a pH range of 6.0 to 6.8. If your soil has a higher or lower pH, you may need to amend it with sulfur or limestone, respectively, to achieve the desired level.

Watermelons are heavy feeders and require ample amounts of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium. Before planting, incorporate well-rotted manure or a balanced fertilizer into the soil to provide essential nutrients. During the growing season, side-dress the plants with additional fertilizer or compost to replenish nutrients as needed.

Selecting and Planting Watermelon Seeds or Transplants

Choosing the right watermelon variety and planting it correctly is crucial for a successful harvest in Nebraska.

Watermelons can be grown from seeds or transplants. While seeds are more common, transplants can give your plants a head start, resulting in earlier fruit production. However, transplants require more care and attention during the initial stages.

Recommended Watermelon Varieties for Nebraska

Here are some of the best watermelon varieties suitable for growing in Nebraska:

• Sugar Baby: A small, icebox watermelon with a sweet, crisp flesh and a short growing season of 75 days. Ideal for smaller gardens.
• Crimson Sweet: A large, oblong watermelon with a deep red flesh and a sweet, refreshing flavor. Matures in 90 days.
• Jubilee: A popular variety with a striped rind and bright red flesh. Produces large, round fruits in 95 days.
• Black Diamond: An heirloom variety with a dark green rind and sweet, yellow flesh. Matures in 90 to 100 days.

Planting Methods and Spacing

Watermelons can be planted in hills or rows, depending on your garden space and preferences. Hills are traditional and allow for better drainage, while rows are more space-efficient.

For hills, make mounds of soil about 8 to 12 inches high and 2 to 3 feet apart. Plant 4 to 6 seeds or one transplant per hill, spacing the hills 6 to 8 feet apart.

If planting in rows, create raised beds or rows about 6 to 8 inches high and 6 to 8 feet apart. Sow seeds or transplants 2 to 3 feet apart within the rows.

Proper spacing is essential to prevent overcrowding and ensure good air circulation, which can help prevent disease and promote healthy growth.

Watermelon Care and Maintenance

Once planted, watermelons require consistent care and maintenance throughout the growing season to ensure a bountiful harvest.

Watering, fertilizing, and pest management are crucial aspects of watermelon cultivation in Nebraska. Neglecting these factors can lead to reduced yields, poor fruit quality, or even crop failure.

Watering and Irrigation Techniques

Watermelons have deep root systems and require consistent moisture, especially during fruit development. They should be watered deeply and regularly, providing about 1 to 2 inches of water per week, either through rainfall or irrigation.

Here are some effective irrigation techniques for watermelons:

• Drip irrigation: This method delivers water directly to the plant's roots, minimizing water loss and preventing fungal diseases.
• Furrow irrigation: Create furrows between rows and allow water to flow through, ensuring the soil is saturated to a depth of at least 6 inches.
• Soaker hoses: These porous hoses can be laid along the plant rows, slowly releasing water into the soil.

Consistent moisture is key, as watermelons are susceptible to splitting or developing a bitter taste if water supply is erratic.

Fertilizing and Mulching

Watermelons benefit from a balanced fertilizer applied at planting time and again when the vines begin to run. A fertilizer with an N-P-K ratio of 10-10-10 or similar is recommended.

Applying a 2 to 4-inch layer of organic mulch, such as straw or wood chips, around the plants can help retain moisture, suppress weeds, and regulate soil temperature. This practice is particularly beneficial in Nebraska's hot summers.

Pest and Disease Management

Like any crop, watermelons are susceptible to various pests and diseases. Being proactive and regularly monitoring your plants is crucial for early detection and effective control measures.

Common pests that can affect watermelons in Nebraska include:

• Aphids
• Cucumber beetles
• Squash bugs
• Squash vine borers

To control these pests, consider using organic methods like:

• Insecticidal soaps
• Neem oil
• Diatomaceous earth
• Row covers

If organic methods are ineffective, selective chemical insecticides may be necessary, but always follow the label instructions carefully.

Diseases to watch out for include:

• Powdery mildew
• Fusarium wilt
• Anthracnose
• Bacterial wilt

Implementing good cultural practices, such as crop rotation, proper spacing, and avoiding overhead watering, can help prevent the spread of diseases. Fungicides may be required in severe cases, but always consult with a local extension service or expert for recommendations specific to your area.

Harvesting and Storage Tips

Knowing when to harvest watermelons and how to store them properly is essential for enjoying their full flavor and extending their shelf life.

Signs of Ripeness

Watermelons can be tricky to judge for ripeness, but here are some visual and tactile cues to look for:

• The underside (belly) of the watermelon should have a creamy or yellow color where it rests on the ground.
• The rind should have a dull, matte appearance and be difficult to penetrate with your fingernail.
• The curly tendril closest to the stem should be dry and brown.
• The watermelon should feel heavy for its size and have a hollow sound when tapped.

If you're unsure, it's better to harvest watermelons a bit early than too late, as they will continue to ripen off the vine for a few days.

Harvesting and Handling

When harvesting watermelons, use a sharp knife or pruning shears to cut the fruit from the vine, leaving a few inches of stem attached. Avoid pulling or twisting the fruit, as this can damage the rind and make it more susceptible to spoilage.