How to Grow Watermelon in Florida

Tips to grow watermelon easily (seed from Lowe’s) in central Florida.

Choose the Right Variety

Selecting the right watermelon variety is crucial for successful cultivation in Florida's unique climate. Different varieties have varying degrees of heat and disease tolerance, as well as yield potential. Here are some recommended watermelon varieties to consider growing in Florida:

VarietyCharacteristicsGrowing Requirements

Sugar Baby	Small, icebox type, sweet flesh	Warm temperatures, full sun
Crimson Sweet	Large, oblong shape, crisp red flesh	Well-drained soil, high heat tolerance
Charleston Gray	Large, gray-green rind, sweet red flesh	Disease resistance, heat tolerance
Amaroo	Seedless, crisp yellow flesh	Warm temperatures, consistent moisture
Picnic	Small to medium size, high yielding	Disease resistance, drought tolerance

These varieties have been specifically bred to thrive in Florida's warm and humid conditions, offering high yields, disease resistance, and exceptional flavor.

Heat-Tolerant Varieties

Florida's intense summer heat can be a significant challenge for watermelon cultivation. Heat-tolerant varieties like Crimson Sweet, Charleston Gray, and Amaroo are well-suited for Florida's climate, as they can withstand high temperatures without sacrificing fruit quality or yield.

Disease-Resistant Varieties

Florida's humid conditions can foster the growth of various watermelon diseases, such as fusarium wilt, anthracnose, and gummy stem blight. Disease-resistant varieties like Charleston Gray and Picnic are better equipped to fend off these threats, ensuring a healthier and more productive crop.

Site Selection and Soil Preparation

Choosing the right site and properly preparing the soil are essential steps for successful watermelon cultivation in Florida.

Watermelons require a sunny location with well-drained soil and ample space for their vining growth habit. Select a site that receives at least 6-8 hours of direct sunlight per day and has good air circulation to prevent disease problems.

Before planting, it's crucial to test your soil and amend it as necessary. Watermelons prefer a slightly acidic soil with a pH range of 6.0 to 6.8. Soil testing will reveal any nutrient deficiencies or imbalances that need to be addressed.

Sunlight Requirements

Watermelons are sun-loving plants that require ample sunlight for optimal growth and fruit production. In Florida, aim for a location that receives at least 6-8 hours of direct sunlight per day, preferably with exposure to morning and early afternoon sun.

Soil Testing and Amendments

Proper soil testing is essential for watermelon cultivation in Florida. A soil test will provide information on the pH level, nutrient content, and organic matter percentage of your soil. Based on the results, you can amend the soil with the appropriate fertilizers, compost, or other organic matter to create an optimal growing environment.

Planting and Care

Proper planting and ongoing care are critical for a successful watermelon crop in Florida.

Watermelons can be grown from seeds or transplants. If starting from seeds, plant them 1-2 inches deep and 2-3 feet apart in rows spaced 6-8 feet apart. For transplants, space them 2-3 feet apart in rows 6-8 feet apart.

• Direct Seeding: Plant seeds directly in the ground after the last frost date when soil temperatures reach at least 70°F (21°C). This method is suitable for areas with a long growing season.
• Transplanting: Start seeds indoors 4-6 weeks before the last frost date, and transplant seedlings after hardening them off. Transplanting can give you an earlier harvest.

Once the vines start to run, water them deeply and consistently, providing about 1-2 inches of water per week. Mulching around the plants can help retain soil moisture and suppress weeds. Apply a balanced fertilizer according to soil test recommendations or use a slow-release fertilizer formulated for watermelons.

Direct Seeding vs. Transplanting

Both direct seeding and transplanting have their advantages and disadvantages when it comes to growing watermelons in Florida.

Direct seeding is a simpler and more cost-effective method, but it may result in a slightly later harvest compared to transplanting. Transplanting, on the other hand, allows you to get a head start on the growing season and can lead to an earlier harvest. However, it requires more effort and attention during the seedling stage.

Watering and Fertilization

Consistent and proper watering is crucial for watermelon growth and fruit development. Aim to provide 1-2 inches of water per week, either through irrigation or rainfall. Avoid overwatering, as watermelons are susceptible to root rot and other diseases in overly wet conditions.

Watermelons are heavy feeders and benefit from regular fertilization. Apply a balanced fertilizer according to soil test recommendations or use a slow-release fertilizer formulated for watermelons. Follow the package instructions for application rates and timing.

Pest and Disease Management

Like any crop, watermelons are susceptible to various pests and diseases in Florida's humid climate. Proper monitoring and preventive measures are essential for a healthy and productive crop.

Common watermelon pests in Florida include:

• Aphids
• Cucumber beetles
• Whiteflies
• Squash bugs
• Spider mites

These pests can damage leaves, vines, and fruits, leading to reduced yields and potential crop failure if left unchecked.

Diseases that can affect watermelons in Florida include:

• Fusarium wilt
• Anthracnose
• Gummy stem blight
• Powdery mildew
• Downy mildew

These diseases can cause wilting, leaf spots, stem lesions, and fruit rot, ultimately reducing the quality and yield of your watermelon crop.

Common Pests

• Aphids: These small, pear-shaped insects feed on plant sap, causing yellowing, curling, and stunting of leaves.
• Cucumber beetles: Both striped and spotted cucumber beetles can feed on watermelon leaves, vines, and fruits, leaving behind scarring and potential entry points for diseases.
• Whiteflies: These tiny, winged insects can spread viruses and cause plant stunting and leaf discoloration.

Implementing an integrated pest management (IPM) approach, which combines cultural, physical, and biological controls with judicious use of insecticides, is recommended for effective pest management.

Disease Prevention and Control

• Fusarium wilt: This soil-borne fungal disease causes wilting and plant death. Plant resistant varieties and practice crop rotation.
• Anthracnose: This fungal disease causes circular, sunken lesions on leaves, stems, and fruits. Maintain proper plant spacing and avoid overhead watering.
• Gummy stem blight: This fungal disease causes stem lesions and fruit rot. Promote good air circulation and apply fungicides as needed.

Preventive measures like crop rotation, proper plant spacing, and avoiding overhead watering can help reduce disease incidence. Fungicide applications may be necessary for severe outbreaks, but always follow label instructions and consult with a local extension service for specific recommendations.

Harvesting and Storage

Timely harvesting and proper storage are crucial for enjoying the full flavor and quality of your watermelon crop.

Watermelons are typically ready for harvest 80-100 days after planting, depending on the variety. Keep an eye out for these signs of ripeness:

• The underside of the watermelon (where it rests on the ground) turns from white to creamy yellow.
• The curly tendrils near the stem turn brown and dry.
• The rind develops a dull, creamy appearance and loses its glossy sheen.
• The watermelon produces a hollow sound when tapped.

Once harvested, handle watermelons with care to avoid bruising or damaging the rind. Store them in a cool, shaded area or refrigerate for extended shelf life.