How to Grow Watermelons in Oklahoma

Protecting Watermelon Crops from Wildlife

Growing watermelons successfully in the warm, arid climate of Oklahoma requires careful planning and attention to detail. With the right varieties, soil preparation, and care, you can enjoy a bountiful harvest of these refreshing summer fruits right from your backyard.

Selecting the Right Watermelon Variety

Choosing the appropriate watermelon variety adapted to Oklahoma’s conditions is crucial for a successful crop. Consider the following factors when selecting your watermelon seeds or transplants:

• Heat and Drought Tolerance: Oklahoma summers can be scorching and dry, so select varieties that thrive in hot and drought-prone environments. These watermelons typically have a shorter growing season and are more efficient in water usage.
• Disease Resistance: Watermelons are susceptible to various diseases, especially in hot and humid conditions. Look for varieties resistant to common watermelon diseases in Oklahoma, such as fusarium wilt, anthracnose, and gummy stem blight.

Here’s a table comparing some popular watermelon varieties suitable for growing in Oklahoma:

VarietyDays to MaturitySizeDisease ResistanceHeat/Drought Tolerance

Crimson Sweet	90-100 days	Large (16-25 lbs)	Anthracnose, Fusarium Wilt	Excellent
Sugar Baby	75-85 days	Small (6-12 lbs)	Anthracnose, Fusarium Wilt	Very Good
Charleston Gray	90-100 days	Large (20-35 lbs)	Anthracnose, Fusarium Wilt	Excellent
Sangria	85-95 days	Medium (12-18 lbs)	Anthracnose, Fusarium Wilt, Gummy Stem Blight	Very Good

Preparing the Soil

Proper soil preparation is essential for healthy watermelon growth and yield. Follow these steps to ensure your soil is ready for planting:

• Soil Testing: Test your soil to determine its pH, nutrient levels, and texture. Watermelons thrive in well-draining, slightly acidic soils with a pH range of 6.0 to 6.8.
• Amending the Soil: Based on your soil test results, amend the soil with organic matter like compost or well-rotted manure to improve drainage and water retention. Additionally, incorporate fertilizers rich in nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium to provide the necessary nutrients for watermelon growth.

Planting and Caring for Watermelons

Once you’ve prepared the soil, it’s time to plant your watermelon seeds or transplants. Here are some essential steps to follow:

• Timing: In Oklahoma, the ideal planting time for watermelons is late spring, typically after the last frost date. Plant your seeds or transplants when the soil temperature reaches at least 70°F (21°C).
• Spacing and Depth: Watermelons require ample space to spread their vines. Plant seeds or transplants 1 inch deep and 2-3 feet apart in rows spaced 6-8 feet apart. This spacing allows for proper vine growth and air circulation.
• Watering and Mulching: Watermelons have high water requirements, especially during fruit development. Water deeply and consistently, providing 1-2 inches of water per week. Mulching around the plants with 2-4 inches of organic material like straw or wood chips helps conserve soil moisture and suppress weeds.

Pest and Disease Management

Watermelons are susceptible to various pests and diseases, which can significantly impact their growth and yield. Stay vigilant and take preventive measures:

• Insect Pests: Common insect pests that attack watermelons in Oklahoma include:
  • Cucumber beetles
  • Squash bugs
  • Aphids
  • Whiteflies

  Implement organic control methods like row covers, companion planting, or approved insecticidal sprays if necessary.

• Fungal and Bacterial Diseases: Watermelons are prone to several fungal and bacterial diseases, such as:
  • Fusarium wilt
  • Anthracnose
  • Gummy stem blight
  • Bacterial fruit blotch

  Practice crop rotation, remove and destroy infected plant debris, and apply appropriate fungicides or bactericides as recommended by local extension services.

Harvesting and Storage

Knowing when to harvest and how to store your watermelons properly can ensure you enjoy their sweet, juicy flavor to the fullest.

• Ripeness Indicators: Look for these signs of ripeness:
  • The underside of the watermelon, where it rests on the ground, turns creamy or white.
  • The curly tendril closest to the stem turns brown and dries up.
  • The rind loses its glossy appearance and takes on a dull, matte finish.
• Harvesting Techniques: Use a sharp knife or pruning shears to cut the watermelon from the vine, leaving 2-3 inches of stem attached. Avoid pulling or twisting the watermelon, as this can damage the fruit.
• Storage Tips: Store harvested watermelons in a cool, dry place, ideally around 55-60°F (12-15°C). Whole watermelons can keep for up to two weeks under these conditions. Once cut, refrigerate the watermelon and consume within 3-5 days for optimal flavor and texture.

Conclusion

Growing watermelons in Oklahoma requires careful consideration of variety selection, soil preparation, and proper care throughout the growing season. By following these guidelines, you can enjoy the sweet rewards of homegrown watermelons, even in the state’s challenging climate. With patience and attention to detail, you’ll be able to savor the juicy, refreshing taste of your own Oklahoma-grown watermelons.