How to Grow Watermelon in Virginia

By: Carolyn J. Vance

Tricks to Growing Watermelons

How to Grow Watermelon in Virginia

Choosing the Right Watermelon Variety

Selecting the appropriate watermelon variety is crucial for a bountiful harvest in Virginia. Different varieties have varying characteristics, such as days to maturity, disease resistance, and fruit size. Consider the following factors when choosing a watermelon variety:

  • Days to Maturity: Virginia’s growing season can be shorter than some regions, so opt for varieties that mature within 80-100 days.
  • Disease Resistance: Look for varieties resistant to common watermelon diseases like fusarium wilt, anthracnose, and gummy stem blight.
  • Fruit Size: Smaller, icebox-type watermelons (under 10 lbs) are easier to manage, while larger varieties (over 15 lbs) can be more challenging to grow.
  • Climate Suitability: Choose varieties specifically bred for Virginia’s humid, subtropical climate.

Here’s a comparison table of popular watermelon varieties suitable for Virginia:

VarietyDays to MaturityFruit SizeDisease ResistanceNotes
Sugar Baby 75-85 days 8-12 lbs Moderate Classic icebox variety
Crimson Sweet 85-90 days 15-25 lbs High Large, sweet flesh
Charleston Gray 90-100 days 20-30 lbs Moderate Adapts well to humidity
Millionaire 85-95 days 15-20 lbs High Crisp, sweet flesh

Popular Varieties for Virginia

Some popular watermelon varieties that thrive in Virginia’s climate include:

  • Crimson Sweet: This large, oblong watermelon produces sweet, red flesh and is known for its high yields and disease resistance.
  • Sugar Baby: A classic icebox variety with a compact size (8-12 lbs), making it easier to manage in smaller gardens.
  • Charleston Gray: Well-adapted to humid conditions, this heirloom variety produces large, gray-green watermelons with sweet, red flesh.

Preparing the Soil and Planting

Watermelons require well-drained, nutrient-rich soil and proper planting techniques to establish a strong root system and vigorous vines.

  • Watermelons thrive in slightly acidic soil with a pH range of 6.0 to 6.8.
  • Amend the soil with aged compost or well-rotted manure to improve fertility and drainage.
  • Direct sow watermelon seeds or transplant seedlings after the last frost date, when soil temperatures reach 70°F or above.
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Soil Requirements

How to Grow Watermelon in Virginia

Watermelons prefer well-drained, sandy loam or silt loam soils with a pH between 6.0 and 6.8. If your soil is too acidic, add agricultural lime to raise the pH. Incorporate aged compost or well-rotted manure into the soil to improve fertility and drainage.

Planting Time and Method

In Virginia, the ideal time to plant watermelons is after the last spring frost, typically in late May or early June. Watermelons can be direct-seeded or transplanted as seedlings.

  • For direct seeding, plant seeds 1 inch deep and 2-3 feet apart in rows spaced 6-8 feet apart.
  • For transplanting, start seeds indoors 3-4 weeks before the last frost date. Harden off seedlings before transplanting them outdoors, spacing them 2-3 feet apart in rows 6-8 feet apart.

Spacing and Depth

Proper spacing is essential for watermelon vines to spread and fruits to develop fully. Plant watermelon seeds or transplants:

  • 1 inch deep for seeds, or at the same depth as the seedling container for transplants.
  • 2-3 feet apart within rows, with rows spaced 6-8 feet apart.
  • In raised beds or hills spaced 6-8 feet apart in all directions.

Caring for Watermelon Plants

Consistent care practices, such as watering, fertilizing, and pest management, are crucial for healthy watermelon plant growth and fruit development.

Watermelons require consistent moisture and nutrients throughout their growing season for optimal fruit production. Additionally, keeping an eye out for pests and diseases can help prevent issues that could impact your harvest.

Watering Needs

How to Grow Watermelon in Virginia

Watermelons have deep taproots and require consistent moisture throughout their growing season, especially during fruit development.

  • Water plants deeply, providing 1-2 inches of water per week, depending on rainfall and soil conditions.
  • Avoid overhead watering, which can promote fungal diseases. Instead, use drip irrigation or soaker hoses.
  • Maintain consistent soil moisture, as fluctuations can cause fruit cracking or bitterness.
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Fertilizing Schedule

Watermelons are heavy feeders and benefit from a well-balanced fertilizer program.

  • Before planting, apply a balanced fertilizer like 10-10-10 or well-rotted manure to the planting area.
  • Once vines start to run, side-dress with a nitrogen-rich fertilizer like ammonium nitrate or blood meal.
  • When fruits start developing, switch to a fertilizer higher in phosphorus and potassium, like 5-10-10, to promote fruit growth and sweetness.

Pest and Disease Management

Regularly monitor your watermelon plants for signs of pests and diseases. Common issues to watch for include:

  • Aphids, cucumber beetles, and squash bugs: These pests can damage leaves and spread viruses. Control with insecticidal soap or neem oil.
  • Powdery mildew and downy mildew: Fungal diseases that cause white or yellow patches on leaves. Manage with fungicides and by improving air circulation.
  • Fusarium wilt and anthracnose: Soil-borne and fungal diseases that can cause wilting or fruit rot. Choose resistant varieties and practice crop rotation.

Implementing integrated pest management strategies, such as using row covers, beneficial insects, and rotating crops, can help minimize pest and disease problems.

Harvesting and Storing Watermelons

Knowing when and how to harvest watermelons is crucial to ensure maximum flavor and quality. Proper storage techniques can also prolong the shelf life of your harvested watermelons.

How to Grow Watermelon in Virginia

Harvesting watermelons at the right time is essential for achieving peak sweetness and flavor. After carefully harvesting, proper storage techniques can help extend the shelf life of your fresh watermelons.

Signs of Ripeness

Look for these indicators to determine when watermelons are ready for harvest:

  • The underside of the watermelon (where it rests on the ground) develops a creamy yellow or white color.
  • The curly tendril nearest the stem turns brown and dries up.
  • The rind loses its glossy appearance and becomes dull.
  • The watermelon produces a hollow sound when tapped.

Harvesting Methods

Watermelons should be harvested carefully to avoid bruising or damaging the fruit.

  • Use a sharp knife or pruning shears to cut the watermelon stem, leaving 2-3 inches of stem attached.
  • Avoid pulling or twisting the watermelon, as this can cause cracking or damage.
  • Harvest watermelons in the morning when temperatures are cooler to prevent overheating and maintain freshness.
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Storage Tips

Proper storage can extend the shelf life of fresh watermelons:

  • Store watermelons at room temperature (around 70°F) for up to 2 weeks.
  • Refrigerate ripe watermelons for up to 4 weeks, but allow them to reach room temperature before serving for optimal flavor.
  • Once cut, wrap leftover watermelon tightly in plastic wrap and refrigerate for 3-4 days.

Conclusion

Growing juicy, flavorful watermelons in Virginia requires careful variety selection, proper soil preparation, consistent care, and timely harvesting. By following the guidelines outlined in this article, you’ll be well-equipped to enjoy a bountiful watermelon harvest from your own backyard garden.

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