How to Grow Watermelon in Alaska

How to Grow LOTS of Watermelon – Vertically on a Trellis – in Garden Beds & Containers! ????????

Growing watermelon in Alaska may seem like a daunting task, but with the right knowledge and techniques, it's entirely possible to cultivate these juicy fruits in the state's unique climate. This guide will provide you with valuable insights on how to grow watermelon in Alaska, covering everything from understanding the local climate to harvesting and storage.

Understanding Alaska's Unique Climate

Alaska's climate presents several challenges for watermelon growers. The state experiences a short growing season, with cool temperatures that can hinder the growth and ripening of these warm-weather fruits. However, with proper planning and the right strategies, you can overcome these obstacles and enjoy a bountiful watermelon harvest.

The first step is to comprehend Alaska's hardiness zones, which determine the suitability of various plant varieties for specific regions. Identifying the appropriate watermelon varieties that thrive in Alaska's cooler climate is crucial for successful cultivation.

Alaska's Growing Zones

Alaska is divided into several hardiness zones, ranging from zone 1a in the Arctic regions to zone 7b in the southeast. Most of the state falls within zones 3 to 5, with average annual minimum temperatures ranging from -40°F to -20°F (-40°C to -29°C). While these zones may seem inhospitable for watermelon growth, there are varieties specifically bred to withstand cooler temperatures and shorter growing seasons.

Choosing the Right Watermelon Varieties

When selecting watermelon varieties for Alaska, look for those labeled as "cold-hardy" or "short-season." These varieties have been developed to mature more quickly and tolerate cooler temperatures better than traditional watermelon cultivars. Some popular choices include:

• Sugar Baby: A small, icebox-type watermelon that matures in 70-80 days.
• Early Moonbeam: A compact plant with 6-8 lb fruits that ripen in 75-85 days.
• Yellow Doll: A unique yellow-fleshed watermelon that grows well in cool climates.
• Bush Sugar Baby: A compact, bush-type plant perfect for containers or small spaces.

Site Selection and Soil Preparation

Choosing the right location and properly preparing the soil are crucial steps in ensuring the success of your watermelon crop in Alaska.

The ideal location should receive at least 6-8 hours of direct sunlight daily and be protected from strong winds, which can damage the vines. Consider using row covers, cold frames, or greenhouses to create a warmer microclimate and extend the growing season.

Choosing the Right Location

When selecting a site for your watermelon patch, consider the following factors:

• Sunlight exposure: Watermelons require full sun, so choose a location that receives at least 6-8 hours of direct sunlight daily.
• Wind protection: Strong winds can damage the vines and stunt growth, so look for a sheltered spot or plan to install windbreaks.
• Soil drainage: Watermelons prefer well-drained soil, so avoid low-lying areas prone to waterlogging.
• Proximity to water source: Having a nearby water source will make it easier to maintain consistent moisture levels throughout the growing season.

Soil Requirements

Watermelons thrive in nutrient-rich, well-drained soil with a slightly acidic to neutral pH range of 6.0 to 7.0. Amend the soil with compost or well-rotted manure to improve fertility and drainage. If your soil is heavy or clay-based, consider adding sand or perlite to improve drainage and aeration.

Raised Beds or Containers

In Alaska's cooler climate, raised beds or containers can be beneficial for watermelon cultivation. Raised beds warm up faster in the spring, allowing for earlier planting and extending the growing season. Containers provide even more control over soil quality and temperature, making them an excellent option for urban or small-space gardeners.

When using raised beds or containers, ensure they are at least 12 inches deep and filled with a high-quality potting mix or soil amended with compost and other organic matter. Proper drainage is essential, so incorporate materials like perlite or coarse sand to prevent waterlogging.

Planting and Care

Proper planting techniques and attentive care are essential for a successful watermelon crop in Alaska's challenging climate.

Before planting, it's recommended to start your watermelon seeds indoors, typically 4-6 weeks before the last expected frost date in your area. This head start allows the plants to establish a strong root system and ensures they are better equipped to handle the cooler outdoor temperatures once transplanted.

Starting Seeds Indoors

To start your watermelon seeds indoors, follow these steps:

1. Fill seed trays or containers with a well-draining seed starting mix.
2. Plant 2-3 seeds per cell or container, about 1 inch deep.
3. Water the soil thoroughly and cover the containers with plastic wrap or a humidity dome to retain moisture.
4. Place the containers in a warm location (70-85°F or 21-29°C) and provide bottom heat if possible.
5. Once the seedlings emerge, remove the plastic covering and move them to a sunny location or under grow lights.
6. Harden off the seedlings for 7-10 days before transplanting by gradually exposing them to cooler temperatures and direct sunlight.

Transplanting and Spacing

When transplanting your watermelon seedlings, choose a warm, sunny day and take care not to disturb the roots. Plant them in hills or rows, spacing the hills 6-8 feet apart and the plants 2-3 feet apart within each hill. This spacing allows the vines to spread and develop properly.

Alternatively, if you're growing in containers or raised beds, space the plants 2-3 feet apart in all directions.

Watering and Fertilizing

Watermelons have high water requirements, especially during fruit development. Aim to keep the soil consistently moist but not waterlogged. Mulching around the plants can help retain moisture and suppress weeds.

In terms of fertilization, watermelons benefit from a balanced fertilizer high in nitrogen during the vegetative growth stage and higher in potassium during fruiting. Follow the specific recommendations on the fertilizer label, and consider using a slow-release or organic fertilizer for a steady supply of nutrients throughout the growing season.

Protecting from Pests and Diseases

Like any crop, watermelons are susceptible to various pests and diseases. In Alaska, common issues include:

• Aphids: These small, sap-sucking insects can transmit viruses and stunt plant growth. Use insecticidal soap or neem oil to control infestations.
• Cucumber beetles: These pests can spread bacterial wilt and other diseases. Use row covers or organic insecticides to manage their populations.
• Powdery mildew: This fungal disease appears as a white, powdery coating on leaves and stems. Improve air circulation and apply fungicides if necessary.
• Fusarium wilt: A soil-borne fungus that causes wilting and plant death. Rotate crops and choose resistant varieties to prevent this disease.

Regular monitoring and prompt action are crucial for maintaining a healthy watermelon crop.

Harvesting and Storage

Knowing when to harvest and how to properly store your watermelons is essential to enjoying their full flavor and ensuring they last as long as possible.

As your watermelons approach maturity, keep a close eye on them for signs of ripeness. Look for visual cues like a creamy underside where the melon rests on the ground and a dull, cream-colored rind. Additionally, the curly tendril nearest the fruit stem should be brown and dried up.

Signs of Ripeness

Here are some key indicators that your watermelons are ready for harvesting:

• Rind color: The rind should have a dull, cream-colored appearance rather than a bright green hue.
• Underside color: The underside of the melon, where it rests on the ground, should have a creamy or yellow color rather than a white or green tint.
• Tendril condition: The curly tendril closest to the fruit stem should be brown and dried up.
• Hollow sound: When tapped, a ripe watermelon should produce a hollow, resonant sound.
• Weight: A ripe watermelon will feel heavy for its size, indicating it's full of juice.

Harvesting Techniques

To harvest your watermelons, use a sharp knife or pruners to cut the stem about 2-3 inches from the fruit. Avoid pulling or twisting the melon, as this can damage the vines and reduce future yields.

When transporting or handling watermelons, be gentle to prevent bruising or damaging the rind, which can lead to spoilage.