Growing Watermelons in Arkansas: A Step-by-Step Guide

How to Grow Watermelon from Seed

Choosing the Right Watermelon Variety

Selecting the appropriate watermelon variety is crucial for successful growth in Arkansas. The state's hot and humid summers require varieties that can withstand high temperatures and resist common diseases. Both seeded and seedless watermelon varieties are suitable for Arkansas, but their characteristics and growing requirements may vary.

VarietyTypeSizeRind ColorFlesh ColorDays to MaturityHeat ToleranceDisease Resistance

Crimson Sweet	Seeded	Large	Light green	Deep red	90-100 days	High	Moderate
Sugar Baby	Seeded	Small	Dark green	Deep red	75-85 days	High	Good
Millionaire	Seedless	Large	Striped	Pink-red	90-100 days	High	Good
Charleston Gray	Seeded	Large	Gray-green	Bright red	90-100 days	Excellent	Good
Yellow Doll	Seeded	Small	Yellow	Yellow	75-85 days	High	Moderate

Heat-Tolerant Varieties

Arkansas' hot summers demand watermelon varieties that can thrive in high temperatures. Heat-tolerant varieties like Crimson Sweet, Sugar Baby, and Charleston Gray are excellent choices for Arkansas gardeners. These varieties can withstand prolonged periods of heat and produce sweet, juicy fruits even during the hottest months.

Disease-Resistant Varieties

The humid climate in Arkansas can increase the risk of common watermelon diseases like fusarium wilt, anthracnose, and gummy stem blight. Choosing disease-resistant varieties like Sugar Baby, Millionaire, and Charleston Gray can help prevent these issues and ensure a bountiful harvest.

Site Selection and Soil Preparation

Proper site selection and soil preparation are essential for successful watermelon growth in Arkansas. These factors can significantly impact plant health, fruit quality, and overall yield.

Ideal Location and Sunlight Requirements

Watermelons thrive in full sunlight, requiring at least six to eight hours of direct sun exposure daily. Choose a location that receives ample sunlight throughout the day and is protected from strong winds, which can damage the vines. Well-drained soil is also crucial to prevent waterlogging and root rot.

Soil Testing and Amendment

Before planting, it's essential to test your soil's pH and nutrient levels. Watermelons prefer slightly acidic soil with a pH between 6.0 and 6.8. If your soil is too acidic or alkaline, you can amend it with lime or sulfur, respectively, to adjust the pH.

Additionally, watermelons thrive in nutrient-rich soil with ample organic matter. Consider incorporating well-rotted compost, aged manure, or a balanced fertilizer into your soil to provide the necessary nutrients for healthy plant growth.

Planting and Spacing

Proper planting and spacing techniques are critical for maximizing watermelon yield and ensuring adequate air circulation and nutrient uptake.

Watermelons can be planted either by direct seeding or transplanting seedlings. Direct seeding involves sowing the seeds directly into the ground once the soil temperature reaches at least 70°F (21°C). Transplanting, on the other hand, involves starting the seeds indoors and then carefully transplanting the seedlings into the garden once the danger of frost has passed.

Each planting method has its advantages and disadvantages. Direct seeding is generally easier and avoids the risk of transplant shock, while transplanting allows for an earlier harvest and better control over seedling growth.

Regardless of the planting method, it's essential to follow proper spacing guidelines. Watermelon plants require ample space for their vines to sprawl and for optimal fruit development. Plant seeds or transplants in hills or rows, spacing them 6 to 8 feet apart in all directions. Plant the seeds or transplants 1 to 2 inches deep, and thin out any overcrowded seedlings once they emerge.

Caring for Watermelon Plants

Proper care is essential for healthy watermelon plant growth and abundant fruit production. This includes watering, mulching, fertilizing, and pest management.

Watering and Mulching

Watermelons have high water needs, especially during fruit development. Aim to provide at least 1 to 2 inches of water per week, either through rainfall or irrigation. Drip irrigation or soaker hoses are ideal for delivering water directly to the roots while minimizing water loss due to evaporation.

Mulching around the plants with organic materials like straw, leaves, or grass clippings can help retain soil moisture, suppress weeds, and regulate soil temperature. Apply a 2- to 4-inch layer of mulch around the plants, being careful not to cover the crown or stem.

Fertilization and Pest Management

Watermelons are heavy feeders and benefit from regular fertilization. Apply a balanced, slow-release fertilizer at planting time and follow up with side-dressings every four to six weeks during the growing season. Avoid over-fertilizing, as excessive nitrogen can lead to excessive foliage growth at the expense of fruit production.

Pests and diseases can pose a significant threat to watermelon plants in Arkansas. Common pests include aphids, cucumber beetles, and spider mites, while diseases like powdery mildew, anthracnose, and fusarium wilt can also occur.

Implement an integrated pest management (IPM) approach by:

• Rotating crops annually to disrupt pest and disease cycles
• Practicing good sanitation by removing and destroying infected plant material
• Encouraging beneficial insects like ladybugs and lacewings
• Using organic or chemical pesticides and fungicides as a last resort, following label instructions carefully

Pruning and Trellising (Optional for Space-Saving)

Watermelon vines can sprawl extensively, taking up a significant amount of space in the garden. If space is limited, consider pruning and trellising your watermelon plants.

Pruning involves removing secondary vines and redirecting the plant's energy into the main vine and fruit production. This can be done by pinching off or cutting back the side shoots, leaving only the primary vine and a few lateral branches.

Trellising watermelon plants can also help maximize space and improve air circulation. Construct a sturdy trellis or cage system and gently train the vines to grow vertically, supporting the developing fruits with slings or hammocks.

Harvesting and Storage

Recognizing when watermelons are ripe and ready for harvest is crucial to ensure optimal flavor and quality.

Signs of Ripeness

Several visual and physical indicators can help determine when your watermelons are ripe and ready for harvesting:

• The underside of the watermelon, where it rests on the ground, should have a creamy or yellow spot, often referred to as the "ground spot."
• The rind should have a dull, matte appearance rather than a shiny, glossy finish.
• The curly tendril on the vine nearest the fruit should be brown and dried out.
• The watermelon should feel heavy for its size when lifted.
• When tapped lightly, a ripe watermelon should produce a dull, hollow sound.

Proper Harvesting Techniques

Once you've identified ripe watermelons, it's essential to harvest them carefully to prevent bruising or damage. Follow these steps:

1. Use a sharp, clean knife or pruning shears to cut the watermelon from the vine, leaving a few inches of stem attached.
2. Avoid pulling or twisting the watermelon off the vine, as this can damage the fruit or plant.
3. Gently lift and carry the watermelons, supporting their weight to prevent bruising.
4. If you plan to store the watermelons, avoid stacking them or placing heavy objects on top of them.

Storage and Shelf Life

Properly stored, watermelons can last for up to two weeks at room temperature or up to four weeks when refrigerated. Follow these tips for optimal storage and extended shelf life:

• Store whole watermelons at room temperature (around 70°F or 21°C) for up to two weeks.
• For longer storage, refrigerate whole watermelons at around 55°F (13°C) for up to four weeks.
• Once cut, watermelon should be refrigerated and consumed within 3-5 days.